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Conditional indexing

Kather­ine Walk­er
https://doi.org/10.48273/LOT0678

This the­sis inves­ti­gates con­di­tion­al index­ing in argu­ment mark­ing sys­tems from a typo­log­i­cal per­spec­tive, as well as pro­vid­ing a case study on Kamang, an endan­gered Alor-Pan­tar lan­guage of Indone­sia. Con­di­tion­al index­ing – a type of Dif­fer­en­tial Argu­ment Mark­ing – is a sys­tem in which a par­tic­u­lar argu­ment is indexed (i.e., marked on the verb), not indexed, or indexed dif­fer­ent­ly under cer­tain conditions.

The typo­log­i­cal study shows that con­di­tion­al index­ing of core argu­ment roles S, A, and P is wide­spread, and that sys­tems are fre­quent­ly mul­ti­fac­to­r­i­al. Dif­fer­ent con­di­tion pro­files are found for each role: TAMEP (tense, aspect, mood, evi­den­tial­i­ty, polar­i­ty) is more fre­quent for S and A com­pared to P, and verb class is more fre­quent for S and P com­pared to A. Ref­er­en­tial con­di­tions (person/number, ani­ma­cy, dis­course sta­tus) are com­mon in all roles, and high­er ref­er­en­tial­i­ty cor­re­lates with greater like­li­hood of overt index­ing com­pared to zero indexing.

Two case stud­ies inves­ti­gate con­di­tion­al index­ing in Kamang, which index­es S and P via sev­er­al pre­fix par­a­digms or zero index­ing. A quan­ti­ta­tive dis­course study explores ref­er­en­tial con­di­tions, includ­ing ani­ma­cy and top­i­cal­i­ty, reveal­ing dif­fer­ent pref­er­ences for dif­fer­ent pre­fix­es. A qual­i­ta­tive study focus­es on the event-seman­tic con­di­tion­ing of one of the pre­fix par­a­digms. This pre­fix occurs in elab­o­ra­tion con­struc­tions, which shift the view­point to the mid­dle and end of an event, and share prop­er­ties with mid­dle and resul­ta­tive con­struc­tions in oth­er lan­guages. Each study con­tributes to an enhanced under­stand­ing of Kamang’s mul­ti­fac­to­r­i­al con­di­tion­al-index­ing sys­tem, in which lex­i­cal restric­tions play a major role.

Fragments of Languages: From ‘Restsprachen’ to Contemporary Endangered Languages

Daniele Baglioni & Luca Rigo­b­ian­co (Hrsg.)
https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004694637

The book deals with the con­cept of frag­men­ta­tion as applied to lan­guages and their doc­u­men­ta­tion. It focus­es in par­tic­u­lar on the the­o­ret­i­cal and method­olog­i­cal con­se­quences of such a frag­men­ta­tion for the lin­guis­tic analy­sis and inter­pre­ta­tion of texts and, hence, for the recon­struc­tion of lan­guages. Fur­ther­more, by adopt­ing an inno­v­a­tive per­spec­tive, the book aims to test the appli­ca­tion of the con­cept of frag­men­ta­tion to lan­guages which are not com­mon­ly includ­ed in the cat­e­gories of ‘Cor­pussprache’, ‘Trüm­mer­sprache’, and ‘Rest­sprache’. This is the case with diachron­ic or diatopic vari­eties — of even well-known lan­guages — which are only attest­ed through a lim­it­ed cor­pus of texts as well as with endan­gered lan­guages. In this lat­ter case, not only is the doc­u­men­ta­tion frag­ment­ed, but the very lin­guis­tic com­pe­tence of the speak­ers, due to the reduc­tion of con­texts of lan­guage use, inter­fer­ence phe­nom­e­na with major­i­ty lan­guages, and con­se­quent pres­ence of semi-speakers.

Language, creoles, varieties: From emergence to transmission

Cyrille Granget, Isabel Repiso & Guil­laume Fon Sing (Hrsg.)
https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/409
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280493

This book offers a selec­tion of papers deal­ing with sec­ond lan­guage acqui­si­tion, for­eign lan­guage teach­ing and cre­ole lin­guis­tics inspired by the sci­en­tif­ic lega­cy of Mau­rit­ian-born schol­ar Georges Daniel Véronique (Port-Louis, 1948). An impor­tant part of the book is devot­ed to the descrip­tion of learn­er vari­eties with a focus on soci­olin­guis­tic fac­tors, such as the learn­er sit­u­a­tion – from asy­lum seek­ers to Eras­mus stu­dents –, the degree of famil­iar­i­ty with the tar­get lan­guage – hav­ing or not pre­vi­ous knowl­edge about a genet­i­cal­ly relat­ed lan­guage –, the degree of lit­er­a­cy, and the type of instruc­tion. Lin­guis­tic com­plex­i­ty, case mark­ing, the use of self-posi­tion­ing pro­nouns, ver­bal mor­phol­o­gy and aspec­tu­al val­ues are among the lin­guis­tic phe­nom­e­na ana­lyzed by the authors hav­ing con­tributed to this part of the vol­ume. Anoth­er part of this vol­ume deals with lan­guage didac­tics and address­es the ques­tions of whether manip­u­lat­ing spe­cif­ic con­struc­tions from a usage-based per­spec­tive and a focus-on-form approach do indeed aid begin­ner learn­ers to acquire com­plex forms in L2 Ger­man and nom­i­nal forms in L2 Pol­ish, respec­tive­ly. It also explores how some edu­ca­tion­al poli­cies in Swe­den have affect­ed both the offer of French as a For­eign Lan­guage and its demand by stu­dents. The con­tri­bu­tions to cre­ole stud­ies present diachron­ic analy­ses tar­get­ing the /z/ plur­al mark­ing in Réu­nion cre­ole, Fa d’Ambô and spo­ken French, and a set of NPs found in two speech­es pro­nounced in 1835 on the island of Agalé­ga by a coconut oil pro­duc­er whose fea­tures are sim­i­lar to Mau­rit­ian cre­ole. Lin­guis­tic, social and his­tor­i­cal fac­tors are at the cen­ter of these contributions.