Talk and tex­tu­al pro­duc­tion in medieval Eng­land
Peo­ple in medieval Eng­land talked, and yet we sel­dom talk or write about their talk. Peo­ple con­versed not with­in lit­er­ary texts, but in the world in which those texts were com­posed and copied. The absence of such talk from our record of the medieval past is strange. Its absence from our for­mu­la­tion of medieval lit­er­ary his­to­ry is stranger still. In Talk and Tex­tu­al Pro­duc­tion in Medieval Eng­land, Marisa Lib­bon argues that talk among medieval England’s pub­lic, espe­cial­ly talk about his­to­ry and iden­ti­ty, was essen­tial to the pro­duc­tion of texts and was a fun­da­men­tal part of the trans­mis­sion and recep­tion of lit­er­a­ture. Exam­in­ing Richard I’s life as an exem­plary sub­ject of medieval England’s class-cross­ing talk about the past, Lib­bon advances a the­o­ry of how talk cir­cu­lates his­to­ry, iden­ti­ty, and cul­tur­al mem­o­ry over time. By iden­ti­fy­ing sites of local talk about England’s past, from law courts to palace cham­bers, and trac­ing rumors about Richard that cir­cu­lat­ed dur­ing his life and long after his death, Lib­bon offers a lit­er­ary his­to­ry of Richard that accounts for the spaces between and around extant man­u­script copies of Mid­dle Eng­lish romances like Richard Coeur de Lion, insu­lar and Con­ti­nen­tal chron­i­cles, and chan­sons de geste with fig­ures such as Charle­magne and Roland. These spaces, usu­al­ly dis­missed as silent, tell us about the process­es of writ­ing and read­ing and illu­mi­nate the intan­gi­ble dai­ly life in which tex­tu­al pro­duc­tion occurred. In reveal­ing the pres­sures that talk about the past exert­ed on tex­tu­al pro­duc­tion, this bookre­lo­cates the pow­er of mak­ing cul­ture and col­lec­tive mem­o­ry to a wider, col­lab­o­ra­tive author­ship in medieval Eng­land.
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Lit­er­a­ture and class: from the peas­ants‘ revolt to the French Rev­o­lu­tion
This book explores the inti­mate rela­tion­ship between lit­er­a­ture and class in Eng­land (and lat­er Britain) from the Peas­ants‘ Revolt at the end of the four­teenth cen­tu­ry to the impact of the French Rev­o­lu­tion at the end of the eigh­teenth cen­tu­ry and begin­ning of the nine­teenth. The book argues through­out that class can­not be seen as a mod­ern phe­nom­e­non that occurred after the Indus­tri­al rev­o­lu­tion but that class divi­sions and rela­tions have always struc­tured soci­eties and that it makes sense to assume a his­tor­i­cal con­ti­nu­ity. The book explores a num­ber of themes relat­ing to class: class con­scious­ness; class con­flict; com­mer­cial­i­sa­tion; servi­tude; rebel­lion; gen­der rela­tions; and coloni­sa­tion. After out­lin­ing the his­to­ry of class rela­tions, five chap­ters explore the ways in which social class con­scious­ly and uncon­scious­ly influ­enced a series of writ­ers: Chaucer, Shake­speare, Behn, Rochester, Defoe, Duck, Richard­son, Bur­ney, Blake and Wordsworth.
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