Open-Access-Bücher zur Sprachwissenschaft

In der let­zten Zeit sind u.a. diese frei ver­füg­baren Titel erschienen:

Language is a complex adaptive system: Explorations and evidence

Kris­tine Lund / Pier­lui­gi Bas­so Fos­sali / Audrey Mazur / Mag­a­li Ollagnier-Bel­dame

https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/334 & https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6546419

The ASLAN labex — Advanced stud­ies on lan­guage com­plex­i­ty — brings togeth­er a unique set of exper­tise and var­ied points of view on lan­guage. In this vol­ume, we employ three main sec­tions show­cas­ing diverse empir­i­cal work to illus­trate how lan­guage with­in human inter­ac­tion is a com­plex and adap­tive sys­tem. The first sec­tion – epis­te­mo­log­i­cal views on com­plex­i­ty – pleads for epis­te­mo­log­i­cal plu­ral­i­ty, an end to dichotomies, and pro­pos­es dif­fer­ent ways to con­nect and trans­late between frame­works. The sec­ond sec­tion – com­plex­i­ty, prag­mat­ics and dis­course – focus­es on dis­course prac­tices at dif­fer­ent lev­els of descrip­tion. Oth­er semi­otic sys­tems, in addi­tion to lan­guage are mobi­lized, but also inter­locu­tors’ per­cep­tion, mem­o­ry and under­stand­ing of cul­ture. The third sec­tion – com­plex­i­ty, inter­ac­tion, and mul­ti­modal­i­ty – employs dif­fer­ent dis­ci­pli­nary frame­works to weave between micro, meso, and macro lev­els of analy­ses. Our spe­cif­ic con­tri­bu­tions include adding ele­ments to and extend­ing the field of appli­ca­tion of the mod­els pro­posed by oth­ers through new exam­ples of emer­gence, inter­play of het­ero­ge­neous ele­ments, intrin­sic diver­si­ty, feed­back, nov­el­ty, self-orga­ni­za­tion, adap­ta­tion, mul­ti-dimen­sion­al­i­ty, inde­ter­min­ism, and col­lec­tive con­trol with dis­trib­uted emer­gence. Final­ly, we argue for a change in van­tage point regard­ing the search for lin­guis­tic uni­ver­sals.

Respiratory health sensing from speech

Venka­ta Srikanth Nal­lan­thigh­al

https://doi.org/10.48273/LOT0626

Speech pro­duc­tion is a com­plex process involv­ing mul­ti­ple sys­tems, includ­ing cog­ni­tive, mus­cu­lar, and res­pi­ra­to­ry sys­tems. Per­fect syn­chrony among these sys­tems is essen­tial; any lapse in the syn­chrony would lead to a dis­or­der man­i­fest­ed in one’s speech. Thus, speech is a good patho­log­i­cal indi­ca­tor. Res­pi­ra­tion is an essen­tial and pri­ma­ry mech­a­nism in speech pro­duc­tion. We first inhale a gulp of air and then pro­duce speech while exhal­ing. When we run out of breath, we stop speak­ing and inhale. Though this process is invol­un­tary, speech pro­duc­tion involves a sys­tem­at­ic out­flow of air dur­ing exha­la­tion char­ac­ter­ized by lin­guis­tic con­tent and prosod­ic char­ac­ter­is­tics of the utter­ance. Mod­el­ing the rela­tion­ship between speech and res­pi­ra­tion makes sens­ing res­pi­ra­to­ry dynam­ics direct­ly from the speech plau­si­ble. Mod­el­ing such a rela­tion­ship is not easy and direct because of the com­plex nature of speech and res­pi­ra­tion. How­ev­er, machine learn­ing and deep learn­ing archi­tec­tures enable us to mod­el such com­plex rela­tion­ships. 

In this the­sis, we con­duct a com­pre­hen­sive study to estab­lish the rela­tion­ship between speech and res­pi­ra­tion. We explore tech­niques for sens­ing breath­ing sig­nals and breath­ing para­me­ters from speech using deep learn­ing archi­tec­tures and address the chal­lenges involved in estab­lish­ing the prac­ti­cal pur­pose of this tech­nol­o­gy.

Our main con­clu­sion is that breath­ing pat­terns might give us infor­ma­tion about the res­pi­ra­tion rate, breath­ing capac­i­ty and thus enable us to under­stand the patho­log­i­cal con­di­tion of a per­son using speech con­ver­sa­tions. This would help ear­ly and remote diag­no­sis of var­i­ous health con­di­tions. Esti­mat­ing breath­ing sig­nal and para­me­ters from the speech sig­nal is an unob­tru­sive and poten­tial­ly cost-effec­tive option for long-term breath­ing mon­i­tor­ing in tele­health­care appli­ca­tions.

Studien zu Benennungsprinzipien und Benennungsmotiven

Jan Wohlge­muth / Christi­na Eich­horn-Hart­mey­er / Moni­ka Kestler

https://doi.org/10.17879/92039675704

Dieser Sam­mel­band wid­met sich in sechs Beiträ­gen ver­schiede­nen Aspek­ten der syn­chro­nen Ety­molo­gie, ins­beson­dere der Unter­suchung von Benen­nung­sprinzip­i­en nach C.-P. Her­ber­mann. Dabei wird ein Bogen geschla­gen über den (indo-)europäischen Ver­gle­ich der Benen­nun­gen von Farb­wörtern und der­jeni­gen von Wochen­tagsna­men, sowie deutsche Krankheits­beze­ich­nun­gen auf „-fieber“. Zwei met­alin­guis­tis­che Beiträge befassen sich mit der gram­ma­tis­chen Ter­mi­nolo­gie ’starke‘ vs. ’schwache‘ Flex­ion und den seman­tis­chen Struk­turen von Sprachen­na­men in aller Welt. Ergänzt wird die Samm­lung durch eine Einzel­wor­t­analyse aus dem nieder­ländisch-javanis­chen Sprachkon­takt.
Verbinden­des Ele­ment ist die Suche nach Benen­nung­sprinzip­i­en, d.h. wiederkehren­den seman­tis­chen Mustern, mit­tels der­er Dinge benan­nt wer­den. Diese Forschungsrich­tung hat in Mün­ster eine lange Tra­di­tion. Mit dem vor­liegen­den Sam­mel­band wurde ein Ver­such unter­nom­men, diese in der deutschen Philolo­gie ver­wurzelte Tra­di­tion auf eine bre­it­ere, all­ge­mein­lin­guis­tis­che Basis anzuwen­den, um ihr dadurch neue Impulse zu geben.