Aus unseren Neuerwerbungen – Romanistik 2023.7

Opera aper­ta: Ital­ian elec­tron­ic lit­er­a­ture from the 1960s to the present
In 1962, Umber­to Eco pub­lished Opera aper­ta, set­ting the ground for a new wave of cre­ative exper­i­men­ta­tion across the arts and media. The con­cept of «open work» – informed by sys­tems the­o­ry, cyber­net­ics, rel­a­tivism, prag­ma­tism and oth­er influ­en­tial dis­ci­plines of the time – was used by Eco to recon­sid­er the work of art as a site for inter­ac­tiv­i­ty, col­lab­o­ra­tion and inter­me­di­al­i­ty. Start­ing from this per­spec­tive, this book recon­structs the his­to­ry of Ital­ian elec­tron­ic lit­er­a­ture, look­ing at cre­ative prac­tices across lit­er­a­ture, elec­tron­ic and dig­i­tal media from the ear­ly days of com­put­ers to the social media age. It exam­ines how Ital­ian writ­ers, poets, lit­er­ary crit­ics and intel­lec­tu­als have respond­ed to each phase of the dig­i­tal rev­o­lu­tion, by enact­ing «poet­ics of open­ness» and «pol­i­tics of inter­me­di­al­i­ty». Case stud­ies include Nan­ni Balestri­ni, Gian­ni Toti, Ita­lo Calvi­no, Cate­ri­na Davinio, Wu Ming, Michela Mur­gia, Francesco Pec­o­raro, Rober­to Saviano, Tom­ma­so Pin­cio, Fabio Vio­la, Fab­rizio Veneran­di and Enri­co Colom­bi­ni. In some cas­es, lit­er­ary exper­i­men­ta­tion with new tech­nolo­gies has tak­en a clear polem­i­cal stance towards mass media, glob­al­i­sa­tion, infor­ma­tion soci­ety and late cap­i­tal­ism, in order to chal­lenge and/or recon­fig­ure artis­tic or social ontolo­gies. In oth­ers, dig­i­tal tech­nolo­gies have been used to enhance and extend the para­me­ters and «lan­guages» of lit­er­a­ture.
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OuLiPo and the Math­e­mat­ics of Lit­er­a­ture
The French lit­er­ary col­lec­tive OuLiPo was found­ed in 1960 with the goal of apply­ing math­e­mat­ics to lit­er­ary cre­ation. Com­prised of authors, poets, math­e­mati­cians, and sci­en­tists, this quirky writer’s work­shop also cre­at­ed some of the first elec­tron­ic lit­er­a­ture and dig­i­tal human­i­ties work, con­tribut­ing to math­e­mat­ics and com­put­er sci­ence in the process. Now begin­ning its sev­enth decade of exis­tence, Oulipo has out­lived every oth­er lit­er­ary col­lec­tive of its time, in no small part due to the diver­si­ty of its mem­bers and its fas­ci­nat­ing mar­riage of math­e­mat­ics and lit­er­a­ture.
OuLiPo and the Math­e­mat­ics of Lit­er­a­ture retraces the his­tor­i­cal foun­da­tions of this group’s unprece­dent­ed lit­er­ary project, putting its first thir­ty years of archival meet­ing min­utes into con­ver­sa­tion with the sci­en­tif­ic and math­e­mat­i­cal lit­er­a­ture that pre­ced­ed the found­ing of the group. Through close read­ings and genet­ic crit­i­cism, this project demon­strates the impact of the group’s exper­i­men­tal lit­er­ary pro­duc­tion and how it invites a will­ing read­er to par­tic­i­pate in abstract, math­e­mat­i­cal thought. Addi­tion­al­ly, this book makes use of dig­i­tal human­i­ties tech­niques to under­stand Oulipo’s pio­neer­ing yet com­pli­cat­ed rela­tion­ship with com­put­er sci­ence. This analy­sis sheds new light on dis­ci­pli­nary ques­tions, sug­gest­ing that cre­ative prac­tices can help bridge this arti­fi­cial divide between the Human­i­ties and STEM fields.
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